TORCH stands for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus and herpes virus. It can be detected with the ELISA test which is also routinely done for HIV and HBsAg.

ELISA could he used for hormone estimations such as T3, T4, Proleatin, LH, FSH, etc. but is not as sensitive as the RIA test.

In tuberculos is, IgG antibodies imply chronicity and become positive after 24 hours and last for 3-6 months. It may remain positive for 6 months after completion of treat- ment for tuberculosis. IgM antibodies appear in acute conditions from 4 to 24 hours. These antibodies are specific but are not commonly available.

IgE antibodies are for allergic disorders, generalised as well as specific.